how did alexander graham bell invent the telephone

This depth of knowledge made Alexander Graham Bell one of the greatest inventors of all time. page 1 of 3. Bell's inventions spanned a wide range of interests and included a metal jacket to assist in breathing, the audiometer to detect minor hearing problems, a device to locate icebergs, investigations on how to separate salt from seawater, and work on finding alternative fuels. (1870's)National Museums Scotland. Bell decided that a promising approach was to use an induction balance, a by-product of his research on canceling out electrical interference on telephone wires. Bell received numerous honorary degrees from colleges and universities to the point that the requests almost became burdensome. Bell was the companys technical adviser until he lost interest in telephony in the early 1880s. [72] Worse still, his health deteriorated as he had severe headaches. Alexander Graham Bell was particularly interested in developing technology to assist the deaf community. [101] Bell's investors would become millionaires while he fared well from residuals and at one point had assets of nearly one million dollars. Some had doubted Alexander Graham Bells idea in the beginning. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He was able to demonstrate that the photophone was technologically feasible, but it did not develop into a commercially viable product. Portrait of Alexander Graham Bell (1915)LIFE Photo Collection. Under the direction of the Boston architects. On 11 August 1877, Bell and his wife Mabel arrived in Britain from the USA on honeymoon. [91] After March 1876, Bell focused on improving the electromagnetic telephone and never used Gray's liquid transmitter in public demonstrations or commercial use. : Lawyers, Patents, and the Judgments of History", "Proof Set 100th Anniversary of Flight in Canada (2009)", "Dartmouth graduates 208: Alexander Graham Bell Among Those Receiving Honorary Degrees", "THE SCREEN; The founding of the Wrong-Number Industry WellDramatized in Roxy's 'Alexander Graham Bell' At the 86th St. Garden Theatre At Three Theatres At the 86th Street Casino", Alexander and Mabel Bell Legacy Foundation, Alexander Graham Bell Institute at Cape Breton University, Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site of Canada, Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers at the Library of Congress, Science.ca profile: Alexander Graham Bell, "Tlphone et photophone: les contributions indirectes de Graham Bell l'ide de la vision distance par l'lectricit", Newspaper clippings about Alexander Graham Bell, "We Had No Idea What Alexander Graham Bell Sounded Like. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [215] [N 28][216] Since 1976, the IEEE's Alexander Graham Bell Medal has been awarded to honor outstanding contributions in the field of telecommunications. [80] When Bell mentioned to Gardiner Hubbard and Thomas Sanders that he was working on a method of sending multiple tones on a telegraph wire using a multi-reed device, the two wealthy patrons began to financially support Bell's experiments. At age 11 he entered the Royal High School at Edinburgh, but he did not enjoy the compulsory curriculum, and he left school at age 15 without graduating. [181], Bell's interest and research on heredity attracted the interest of Charles Davenport, a Harvard professor and head of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. National Association of the Deaf (United States), Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf, Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy, his demonstration of an early telephone prototype, Learn how and when to remove this template message, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site, Second International Congress of Eugenics, Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes, Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, American Institute of Electrical Engineers, "On the Production and Reproduction of Sound by Light", "Prizes for the Inventor: Some of the Problems Awaiting Solution", Bell Homestead National Historic Site of Canada, manual versus oral education for deaf children, "Particle Physics Resurrects Alexander Graham Bell's Voice", "Dr. Bell's Appreciation of the Telephone Service", "Alexander M. Bell Dead. Bell also had a strong influence on the National Geographic Society[11] and its magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898, until 1903. When he was just 12, the young Alexander invented a device with rotating paddles and nail brushes that could quickly remove husks from wheat grain to help improve a farming process. In the 1830s he moved to Cuba and, while working on methods to treat illnesses with electric shocks, found that sounds could travel by electrical impulses through copper wire. Why Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone? - Short-Fact In our new video series, Ingenious, Susannah Carroll and Trace Dominguez look at the history of many inventions that have changed our world - including the telephone.Most people know Alexander Graham Bell as the inventor of the telephone, but there is so much more to that story. Finally, he and Hubbard worked out an agreement that Bell would devote most of his time to the harmonic telegraph but would continue developing his telephone concept. [171] Bell had worried that the flight was too dangerous and had arranged for a doctor to be on hand. Bell had employed an assistant by the name of Thomas Watson to help him with the harmonic telegraph. During this period, he alternated between Boston and Brantford, spending summers in his Canadian home. [126][N 16], The value of the Bell patent was acknowledged throughout the world, and patent applications were made in most major countries, but when Bell delayed the German patent application, the electrical firm of Siemens & Halske set up a rival manufacturer of Bell telephones under their own patent. He sketched out a rudimentary diagram of the transmitter and receiver, and the very next day, he and Watson were experimenting on the worlds first telephone. In 1906, Davenport, who was also the founder of the American Breeder's Association, approached Bell about joining a new committee on eugenics chaired by David Starr Jordan. Soon after filing their patents, Bell and Watson had perfected their new invention, and the telephone was ready for the public. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [131] One unusual request exacted by his fiance was that he use "Alec" rather than the family's earlier familiar name of "Aleck". That same morning, Bell's lawyer filed Bell's application with the patent office. [citation needed], Bell's patent 174,465, was issued to Bell on March 7, 1876, by the U.S. Patent Office. Alexander Graham Bell plaque (1847)National Museums Scotland. [212] He also served for many years as a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution (18981922). He was an enthusiastic boater, and Bell and his family sailed or rowed a long series of vessels on Bras d'Or Lake, ordering additional vessels from the H.W. In September 1885 the Bell family vacationed in Nova Scotia, Canada, and immediately fell in love with the climate and landscape. [52][N 8] He continued his interest in the study of the human voice and when he discovered the Six Nations Reserve across the river at Onondaga, he learned the Mohawk language and translated its unwritten vocabulary into Visible Speech symbols. [176], In November 1883, Bell presented a paper at a meeting of the National Academy of Sciences titled "Upon the Formation of a Deaf Variety of the Human Race". The illustrations on the reverse of the note include Bell's face in profile, his signature, and objects from Bell's life and career: users of the telephone over the ages; an audio wave signal; a diagram of a telephone receiver; geometric shapes from engineering structures; representations of sign language and the phonetic alphabet; the geese which helped him to understand flight; and the sheep which he studied to understand genetics. Alexander Graham Bell ( / re.m /, born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 - August 2, 1922) [4] was a Scottish-born [N 1] inventor, scientist and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone. Dig the grave and let me lie. Western Union Telegraph Company, the dominant firm in the industry, acquired the rights to Stearnss duplex and hired the noted inventor Thomas Edison to devise as many multiple-transmission methods as possible in order to block competitors from using them. In 1881 they successfully sent a photophone message nearly 200 metres between two buildings. The next step would be to find investors. In one memorable incident, the newly arrived Bells were walking down one of Baddeck's central streets when Bell peered into a storefront window and saw a frustrated shopkeeper fiddling with his problematic telephone. 'Watson, Come Here ' (April 2004) - Library of Congress Information Although Bell did not present any research or speak as part of the proceedings, he was named as honorary president as a means to attract other scientists to attend the event. The first telephone had two parts: a transmitter and a receiver. Although his invention rendered him independently wealthy, he sold off most of his stock holdings in the company early and did not profit as much as he might have had he retained his shares. The AEA's work progressed to heavier-than-air machines, applying their knowledge of kites to gliders. [197] During his life, he also received dozens of major awards, medals, and other tributes. [60] His father helped him set up his private practice by contacting Gardiner Greene Hubbard, the president of the Clarke School for the Deaf for a recommendation. Bell developed several sonic technologies, including the photophone (1880) and the Graphophone (1886). But while Bell encountered failure in his long career, it did not stop him from exploring new ideas. [177] The paper is a compilation of data on the hereditary aspects of deafness. But he had no working model to demonstrate the feasibility of these ideas. [173] On his estate in Nova Scotia, Bell conducted meticulously recorded breeding experiments with rams and ewes. Alexander Graham Bell, one of the fathers of the telephone A number of historic sites and other marks commemorate Bell in North America and Europe, including the first telephone companies in the United States and Canada. On June 21, 1880, Bell's assistant transmitted a wireless voice telephone message a considerable distance, from the roof of the Franklin School in Washington, D.C., to Bell at the window of his laboratory, some 700 feet (213m) away, 19 years before the first voice radio transmissions.[153][154][155][156]. "[141][pageneeded][142] Despite this declaration, Bell has been proudly claimed as a "native son" by all three countries he resided in: the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. A copy of a draft of the patent application is shown, described as "probably the most valuable patent ever.". Although Alexander Graham Bell is best remembered as the inventor of the telephone, he invented other devices too. [102], Bell began a series of public demonstrations and lectures to introduce the new invention to the scientific community as well as the general public. Alexander Graham Bell - Wikipedia Illustration of Bell's equipment used (1877)National Museums Scotland. Alexander Graham Bell and the History of the Telephone Bell had a lasting impact on a variety of fields beyond the telephone, including optical telecommunications, hydrofoils, and aeronautics, and served as the second . But Thomas Alva Edison coined the greeting. He founded the Aerial Experiment Association in 1907. And it almost cost him his marriage At the age of eleven he chose to add the middle name Graham, which stuck for the rest of his life. [24], As a young child, Bell, like his brothers, received his early schooling at home from his father. But Meucci didn't give up easily, and he improved his prototypes. During his world tour of 191011, Bell and Baldwin met with Forlanini in France. He was born into a family of elocutionists and speech therapists, and he used his knowledge of anatomy and physiology to develop the telephone. [78] Bell also thought that multiple metal reeds tuned to different frequencies like a harp would be able to convert the undulating currents back into sound. Some of Bell's kites are on display at the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site.

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