effect of microwave on human body ppt

They found that escape times were substantially decreased when the animals were trained while exposed to the phone. However, its beneficial effects should not be ignored [26]. [85] found that protein levels were reduced in rat brains following microwave radiation, which may have been caused by the excessive consumption or a reduction of the synthesis of proteins, and reduced protein synthesis can be caused by the following processes: (1) excessive activation of RNA enzymes; (2) mRNA consumption or the formation and maturation of RNA enzymes. At present, due to a general consensus that the most significant parameter for . Am J Epidemiol. [37] exposed male Wistar rats (1012weeks old) to a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) (900/1800MHz) mobile phone that was in vibrating mode (i.e., no ring tone). California Privacy Statement, Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Specifically, the Federal Communications . Ongwijitwat S, Wong-Riley MT. Human short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones decreases computer-assisted visual reaction time. The microwave will do its intended job of heating and will start to burn (or cook) the skin tissue. A large number of studies have shown that microwave radiation can cause a series of adverse reactions in the central nervous system, including sleep disorders in addition to learning and memory impairments. 1994;10:13548. Subsequently, significantly more DNA damage was observed in the exposed groups than in the sham group, and their study also indicated that oxidative stress and inflammation caused DNA damage in response to low-intensity microwave exposure. This effect is similar to the decrease observed in NR2B in rats. Thus, the committee suggested that in the future, studies should explore the border between thermal and non-thermal effects and that specific effects, such as triggering the onset of thermoregulatory reactions, should be defined. 2008;29:52738. [101] exposed rats to microwave radiation at frequencies of 0, 900, 1800 and 2450MHz (SARs: 0, 0.59, 0.58 and 0.66mW/kg, respectively) using a transverse electromagnetic cell for 2months for 2h/d, 5 d/week. [15] assessed the use of mobile and cordless phones in 347 cases of melanoma in the head and neck region and 1184 controls and found no increased risk. Bioelectromagnetics. Khurana VG, Teo C, Kundi M, Hardell L, Carlberg M. Cell phones and brain tumors: a review including the long-term epidemiologic data. [20] divided the radar workers into three sets: control group (n=68), exposure group I (n=40, exposed to 812GHz) and exposure group II (n=58, working with radar at 12.518.0GHz). The potential mechanisms underlying these damaging effects range from gene expression alterations in the respiratory chain, membrane damage, Ca2+ overloading, and DNA impairment [122,123,124,125,126,127,128]. Many recent studies have reported that microwaves exposure affects EEG results [54,55,56,57]. Regional cerebral glucose uptake in the 3xTG model of Alzheimer's disease highlights common regional vulnerability across AD mouse models. Studies have also suggested that long-term exposure to 2.4GHz microwave radiation may lead to adverse effects, as observed in neurodegenerative diseases that originate from the altered expression of some miRNAs. 2013;5:5500110. 2002;5:18995. 2013;17:711. Wang et al. The results of this study showed that chronic exposure to Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves might impair both unimodal and cross-modal encoding of information. Microwaves of 50mW/cm2 increased the levels of the major excitatory amino acids Asp and glutamic acid (Glu) and the inhibitory amino acids gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Gly, while 6h later in the 30mW/cm2 group, the level of Gly was reduced in the cerebral cortex. Effect of 900 MHz radio frequency radiation on beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde in the brain. Chin J Radiol Med Prot. An increase in anxiety-related behaviors and a decrease in depression-related behavior were observed in both female and male offspring. Kwon et al. Int J Radiat Biol. Many intricate electrical activities occur in the central nervous system, including learning and memory, which are therefore vulnerable to electromagnetic radiation. 2015;28:1324. [16] investigated workers who worked at a television transmitter station with a frequency ranging between 202 and 209MHz, 694701MHz, 750757MHz, or 774781MHz and at a medium-wave broadcasting station. For example, it can shorten reaction times so that people can better cope with danger. [62] irradiated Wistar rats, hippocampal synaptosomes and differentiated PC12 cells using microwaves (average power density, 30mW/cm2) for 5min, and the results showed that the post-exposure spatial memory of the rats was significantly decreased, the post-exposure levels of phosphorylated synapsin I (p-synapsin I) and GABA were decreased in the rat and cell experiments, and the post-exposure levels of vesicular GABA transporter and p-synapsin I were increased in small clear synaptic vesicles (which were abnormally assembled in presynaptic terminals) in the rat experiments. Behav Brain Res. Neurobiol Learn Mem. Mikrobiolohichny zhurnal (Kiev, Ukraine: 1993) Serge Voychuk. PubMed Finally, Hardell et al. With the increasing number of applications that use microwave technology, its negative effects on the human body have attracted attention. PubMed Central In long-term epidemiological investigations of large population with occupational exposure, the results have not been consistent. Riedel G, Platt B, Micheau J. Glutamate receptor function in learning and memory. Trends Neurosci. Preece A, Iwi G, Davies-Smith A, Wesnes K, Butler S, Lim E, et al. 2005;25:10190201. Biomed Environ Sci. Fragopoulou et al. Therefore, the central nervous system is considered one of the most sensitive organs that is targeted by microwave radiation [1, 2]. The largest problem in these studies is that they used different parameters, such as the frequency, modulation, power density and irradiation time, to apply microwave radiation, in addition to using a variety of research methods. PubMed Mitochondrial lipid abnormality and electron transport chain impairment in mice lacking -synuclein. Bioelectromagnetics. 2000;284:30017. Hardell L, Carlberg M, Mild KH, Eriksson M. Case-control study on the use of mobile and cordless phones and the risk for malignant melanoma in the head and neck region. Chin J Birth Health Hered. In a study investigating the influence of low-frequency microwave (450MHz) radiation on EEG, Hinrikus et al. 2 Researchers have been working. 2010;3:4650. This study concerns the effects of microwave on health because they pervade diverse fields of our lives. Curr Opin Neurobiol. However, in rats treated with long-term exposure to radiation, neurons exhibit edema and are arranged irregularly. Google Scholar. Microwaves are widely used in broadcasting, communications and many industrial fields. Effects of fetal microwave radiation exposure on offspring behavior in mice. Zhang et al. [40] also repeated the experiment only and found that radial-arm maze performance in rats remained unchanged. This phenomenon may be explained by the varied radiation dosage adopted in these studies. Acta Pharmacol Sin. Bioelectromagnetics. 1999;75:44756. 2011;31:2293301. The acute effects of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones on human attention. 2003;41:26887. 2015;51:15865. [21, 22] found a higher incidence of brain cancer in radar technicians and a shortened incubation period (i.e., less than 10years). It is noteworthy that most of the above mentioned studies were based on the theory that the effects caused by microwaves are non-thermal. NR2B plays a key role in LTP and was decreased from the 3rd to the 18th month post-treatment, and long-term exposure to high doses of radiation may therefore damage cognitive functions. J Clin Oncol. 2007;34:146779. 1994;8:714. Campisi A, Gulino M, Acquaviva R, Bellia P, Raciti G, Grasso R, et al. Annu Rev Physiol. 2012;31:25074. Koivisto M, Revonsuo A, Krause C, Haarala C, Sillanmki L, Laine M, et al. PubMed Central Joubert V, Bourthoumieu S, Leveque P, Yardin C. Apoptosis is induced by radiofrequency fields through the caspase-independent mitochondrial pathway in cortical neurons. A resting eyes-closed electroencephalogram was used to continuously record the results, which showed that there was an increase in the power of the , 1 and 2 frequency bands in the 0.303W/kg group and in the 2 frequency bands in the 0.003W/kg group. Brain Res. This is a Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report assessing the clinical effects of daily exposure to mobile phones in general populations. The rats in the study showed increases in spatial memory and glucose transporters, and this phenomenon indicated a corresponding increase in glucose uptake. Hear I can show the different strength of microwave technologies. Richter ED, Berman T, Ben-Michael E, Laster R, Westin JB. For example, people who have used mobile phones for more than 10years have a clearly higher risk of brain tumors. Effects of electromagnetic fields emitted from W-CDMA-like mobile phones on sleep in humans. Gold PE. Gene. The effects are usually . Each of these effects are also caused by exposures to other microwave frequency EMFs, with 2006;398:2537. Calabr E, Condello S, Curr M, Ferlazzo N, Caccamo D, Magaz S, et al. An increasing level of acetylcholine can increase the concentration of free calcium ions in synapses, but its concentration was decreased by 60% after exposure to microwave irradiation [117]. In 35% of cases, soldiers work in intermediate and hazardous zones and in 22%only in the intermediate zone. PubMed We should ensure that we avoid excessive exposure to microwave radiation in daily life activities and use mobile phones appropriately despite information about its positive effects. After irradiation was applied for 2h/d for 60 d, the authors observed the following: microwave radiation produced by mobile phones damaged the brains of adult and young rats, the damage caused by mobile phones in the calling state was significantly more severe than that observed in the standby group, and the neurons of young rats were more seriously injured than those of adult rats. [72] found that 2.856GHz, 50mW/cm2 pulsed microwave radiation caused persistent spatial memory impairments, disordered neurotransmitters, and varying degrees of damage in the hippocampus and synapses. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) is a tetramer composed of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits or two NR3 subunits that perform the functions of NMDAR [69, 70], and NMDAR plays key roles in synapse development, synaptic plasticity and neurological diseases. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Nature. Modulation of HSP response in SH-SY5Y cells following exposure to microwaves of a mobile phone. Im HI, Kenny PJ. In broadcasting, the sources of microwaves are mainly FM radio and TV broadcasting antennas, which produce frequencies ranging from 80 to 800MHz. Medical and biological aspects of the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic (EM) fields and radiation on human health . Sci STKE. The brain has been recognized as one of the organs that is most vulnerable to microwave radiation. Rev Environ Health. Chronic nonmodulated microwave radiations in mice produce anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours and calcium- and NO-related biochemical changes in the brain. 2015;140:23646. found that long-term treatment with a low dose of microwave radiation reduced the activity and the number of excitatory synapses. Xu et al. 2013;42:428. Handheld cellular telephone use and risk of brain cancer. Moreover, the risk of developing Alzheimers disease is 3040% lower in people who use a mobile phone for more than 10years than in other individuals [35]. 2005;1042:1018. [40] concluded that despite the differences in the conditions used in the experiments, space limitations and whether the wall of the maze was clear did not substantially influence outcomes. Digestive System: The unstable catabolism of microwaved foods alters their elemental food substances, causing disorders in the digestive system. Kayhan H, Esmekaya MA, Saglam AS, Tuysuz MZ, Canseven AG, Yagci AM, et al. Verma RK, Sisodia R, Bhatia A. Radioprotective role of Amaranthus Gangeticus Linn. Most of the workers recovered when they left the source of microwave radiation. Bioelectromagnetics. 2015;56:2618. Those who are accustomed to using their mobile phone ipsilaterally presented a probability that was twice that of people who dont [5,6,7]. Abnormality of synaptic vesicular associated proteins in cerebral cortex and hippocampus after microwave exposure. WJZ wrote the paper and outlined this manuscript, LFW and XJH provided a detailed guidance throughout the article. Occupational Medicine (London) 50.1 (January 2000):49-56. Wang L, Peng R, Hu X, Gao Y, Wang S, Zhao L, et al. [80] found that irradiation with 900MHz, 2W/kg continuous microwaves for 24h induced an increase in rat neuronal apoptosis. B. Cordless phones effect Cordless phone same worked like a mobile phone. Abe M, Bonini NM. J Med Food. Cookies policy. Motawi et al. volume4, Articlenumber:29 (2017) 2005;161:3314. Iran J Public Health. miRNAs are non-coding sequences with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides that have roles in cell development and differentiation and are also linked to signal transduction and tumorigenesis. CAS Myhrer T. Neurotransmitter systems involved in learning and memory in the rat: a meta-analysis based on studies of four behavioral tasks. This study also revealed the dose-dependent relationship of the modulated microwave effect: decreasing the SAR 100-fold reduced the associated changes in the EEG by three- to six-fold and decreased the number of affected subjects but did not completely eliminate the effects. 2000;6:18793. However, these effects were not observed in radial arm maze tests. Toxicol Sci. Electromagnetic fields (EMF): do they play a role in children's environmental health (CEH)? Cell Biochem Biophys. 2016;74:99107. [92] found that 900MHz microwave radiation emitted by mobile phones increased protein carbonyl levels in the brains of rats, suggesting that 900MHz microwave radiation can alter some biomolecules such as proteins. Kan P, Simonsen SE, Lyon JL, Kestle JR. Cellular phone use and brain tumor: a meta-analysis. But microwave refers to wavelengths in microns so the. J Neurosci. Previous studies have shown that in unexposed control rats, hippocampal neurons are aligned in neat rows in which the edges are clear, nuclei are clear, nucleoli can be observed, and pyramidal cells do not exhibit obvious necrosis. Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Erdal ME, Erdal N, Ay OI, Ay ME, et al. Exp Neurobiol. Vakalopoulos C. The EEG as an index of neuromodulator balance in memory and mental illness. Belyaev IY, Koch CB, Terenius O, Roxstrm-Lindquist K, Malmgren LO, Sommer HW, et al. 2000;11:16413. The SAR of the two groups were 0.303W/kg and 0.003W/kg. This classical method is often used to test learning and memory abilities after exposure to microwave radiation. It is widely accepted that protein synthesis occurs in neuronal dendrites and may be the cellular basis of learning and memory, during which local protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity are closely linked to the efficiency of communication between neurons. 2014;70:84555. Role of distinct NMDA receptor subtypes at central synapses. More than 50% of miRNAs are found in cancer-associated regions of the genome or in fragile sites, suggesting that miRNAs also play important roles in the pathogenesis of neoplasias [96]. It has been shown that neurons are sensitive to reductions in the availability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in mitochondria, which have been reported to be vulnerable to microwave radiation [118]. 2009;72:20514. The results showed that gestational Wi-Fi exposure and restraint adversely affected offspring neurodevelopment and behavior in adulthood. Cosquer B, Kuster N, Cassel JC. Sage C, Carpenter D, Hardell L. Comments on SCENIHR: opinion on potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields. [61] found that after pregnant rats were irradiated with 9.417GHz microwaves, the behavior of their offspring differed, and the outcome was sex-dependent. The function of dendritic spines: devices subserving biochemical rather than electrical computation. Schz J, Waldemar G, Olsen JH, Johansen C. Risks for central nervous system diseases among mobile phone subscribers: a Danish retrospective cohort study. The above results indicate a positive biological effect of microwave radiation and present a challenge with regard to how people can benefit from microwave radiation. 2004;23:20114. EEG data reflect the functional state of the brain by enlarging the autologous weak bioelectricity recorded by the EEG-recording instrument [47]. Damage to learning abilities and reduction of glucose utilization in the limbic system of adult rats are closely linked [109]. Repeated exposure to low-level extremely low frequency-modulated microwaves affects cortex-hypothalamus interplay in freely moving rats: EEG study. Chandrasekaran K, Hatanp K, Rapoport SI, Brady DR. CAS Electromagn Biol Med. The authors detected the EEG within the frequency bands of 0.530.0Hz for 5 consecutive days. Fragopoulou AF, Samara A, Antonelou MH, Xanthopoulou A, Papadopoulou A, Vougas K, et al. Effect of microwave electromagnetic fields on activity of energy metabolism cytochrome oxidase in cerebral cortical neurons of postnatal rats. These conclusions are presented in Table2. Nuclear pyknosis and capillary congestion are also observed. Li Z, Peng RY, Wang SM, Wang LF, Gao YB, Ji D, et al.

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