what happened after the end of reconstruction quizlet

Because he did not believe African Americans deserved equal rights, President Johnson opposed the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment and vetoed the Civil Rights Act. P.H. The reason why Southern Democrats implemented Jim Crow laws(which were not just about segregation) was that they wanted to dilute the political, social and economic power of the sizable black population in the South. And nearby, in Lafayette County, Klansmen drowned thirty Black Mississippians in a single mass murder. Terrorism worked to end federal involvement in Reconstruction and helped to usher in a new era of racial repression. Arguably the most important addition to the Constitution other than the Bill of Rights, the amendment constituted a profound change in federal-state relations. What was one result of the end of Reconstruction in the South? The violence, according to many white conservatives, was fabricated, or not as bad as it was claimed, or an unavoidable consequence of the enfranchisement of African Americans. It ruled in favor of segregation as long as facilities were equal. In this Harpers Weekly print, The Freedmens Bureau official protecting the Black men and women from the angry and riotous mob of white Americans stood as a representation of the entire Bureau. After all, it is much easier to hate people whom you do not interact with. Andrew Johnson attempted to return the Southern states to essentially the condition they were in before the American Civil War, Republicans in Congress passed laws and amendments that affirmed the equality of all men before the law and prohibited racial discrimination, that made African Americans full U.S. citizens, and that forbade laws to prevent African Americans from voting. Liberated from white-controlled churches, Black Americans remade their religious worlds according to their own social and spiritual desires.17. After receiving an education in Salem, Massachusetts, Forten became the first Black American hired to teach white students. 6 What is reconstruction and the end of history? The 15th Amendment radically .The man who tied me to a tree and gave me 39 lashes and who stripped and flogged my mother and my sister . These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. . Due to this African Americans were mostly unable to vote and hence couldn't prevent the election of openly racist politicians. Attempts to restore the antebellum economic order largely succeeded. Did the Ku Klux do wrong? contract as a vagrant who could be arrested and Reconstruction in the United States achieved Abraham Lincolns paramount desire: the restoration of the Union. It was not uncommon to find a one-room school with more than fifty students ranging in age from three to eighty. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. [Elizabeth Cady Stanton, seated, and Susan B. Anthony, standing, three-quarter length portrait], between 1880 and 1902.Library of Congress. Her name can be seen at the top of this petition to extend suffrage to all regardless of sex, which was present to Congress on January 29, 1866. attempted to negotiate a new social and political For twenty years she successfully passed as a woman. Apart from the requirement that they abolish slavery, repudiate secession, and abrogate the Confederate debt, these governments were granted a free hand in managing their affairs. Meanwhile, Rutherford B. Hayes, a Republican, won a landslide victory in the Ohio gubernatorial election without mentioning Reconstruction, focusing instead on fighting corruption and alcohol abuse and promoting economic recovery. Many southern governments enacted legislation that reestablished antebellum power relationships. . The Black commissions response was that we were promised Homesteads by the government. Currier & Ives, First Colored Senator and Representatives in the 41st and 42nd Congress of the United States, 1872.Library of Congress. to pass the 14th Amendment, which defined a US citizen as anyone born or naturalized No; people in the South primarily voted one wayDemocraticand people in the North and West primarily voted a different wayRepublican. Americans could go and what they could do. proved whether a potential voter could read and write. enslavers wanted to put there. The political and social consequences of the violence were as lasting as the physical and mental trauma suffered by victims and witnesses. At the national level, new laws and constitutional amendments permanently altered the federal system and the definition of American citizenship. Frederick Douglass and other Black leaders engaged with Confederate sympathizers in a battle of historical memory. Soon the Bureau and the federal government would recognize that they could not accomplish a fraction of what they set out to do, including keeping African Americans safe and free in the South. Author of. African Americans actively sought ways to shed the vestiges of slavery. The North would not regain its prewar pace of industrial and commodity output until the 1870s. End of Reconstruction; fewer rights for African Americans; end to military rule in the South. Southern state governments, and African Americans Moving into political office was a natural continuation of the leadership roles they had held in their former communities. But how much really changed? But the United States never committed the personnel required to restore order and guarantee Black southerners the rights promised by the Fourteenth Amendment. Scalawags and Carpetbaggers also buttressed Republicans in the South. These problems became acute as federal regulation of Southern state governments ended and remaining federal troops were withdrawn from the South. For all of their differences, white and Black southern women faced a similar challenge during Reconstruction. 5 Questions About Reconstruction Answered. The Fifteenth Amendment prohibited discrimination in voting rights on the basis of race, color, or previous status (i.e. Many Republicans were keen to grant voting rights for freedmen in order to build a new powerful voting bloc. Republicans chose Rutherford B. Hayes as their nominee; Democrats chose Samuel J. Tilden, who ran on honest politics and home rule in the South. Nevertheless, although they Contrabands, Cumberland Landing, Virginia, 1862.Library of Congress. The federal government responded to southern paramilitary tactics by passing the Enforcement Acts between 1870 and 1871. Under it, when one-tenth of a states prewar voters took an oath of loyalty, they could establish a new state government. It did not pass, and women would not gain the vote for more than half a century after Stanton and others signed this petition. The factories and farms of the North successfully supplied Union troops, while the federal government, with some adjustments, found the means to pay for war. B. This was especially true in the South. The first extended the life of an agency Congress had created in 1865 to oversee the transition from slavery to freedom. Conflicts over emancipation and civil rights quickly gave way to long political conflict over the direction of American economic development. Reconstruction brought the first moment of mass democratic participation for African Americans. Because most African Americans in the South were very poor, they could not afford to pay poll taxes that most white people could pay. Meanwhile, New Departure Democratswho focused on business, economics, political corruption, and tradegained strength by distancing themselves from pro-slavery Democrats and Copperheads. What happened after the end of reconstruction? While the fight for womens rights stalled during the war, it sprung back to life as Anthony, Stanton, and others formed the American Equal Rights Association. period following the Civil War, when the US government, Many discarded the names their former enslavers had chosen for them and adopted new names like Freeman and Lincoln that affirmed their new identities as free citizens. Try to solve this dilemma, Congress passed, and the states ratified, three new Constitutional amendments during the Reconstruction However, the proclamation freed only enslaved people in areas of rebellion and left more than seven hundred thousand in bondage in Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri as well as in Union-occupied areas of Louisiana, Tennessee, and Virginia. The Democrats wanted all remaining federal troops removed from the South in return. In April, the remaining troops were ordered out of the South. Johnson, a states-rights, strict-constructionist, and unapologetic racist from Tennessee, offered southern states a quick restoration into the Union. Composed of those who had been free before the Civil War plus slave ministers, artisans, and Civil War veterans, the Black political leadership pressed for the elimination of the racial caste system and the economic uplifting of the former slaves. It was a moment of revolutionary possibility and violent backlash. Southern women celebrated the return of their brothers, husbands, and sons, but couples separated for many years struggled to adjust. Although the Senate, by a single vote, failed to remove him from office, Johnsons power to obstruct the course of Reconstruction was gone. There is no law for the punishment of them who do deeds of this sort. In 1876, Thompson was exposed for cross-dressing. The era witnessed perhaps the most open and widespread discussions of citizenship since the nations founding. government ceased to intervene to protect black citizens in Johnson andReconstruction cartoon, 1866, This print mocksReconstruction by makingseveral allusions to Shakespeare. Any account of the war must consider the tangled web of politics, battles, and economics that occurred between 1861 and 1865. became sharecroppers, renting a portion of a definition of democracy. 4 What happened after the reconstruction of the south? African American officeholders came from diverse backgrounds. redefined the terms of American democracy. The most significant part of these laws were voting restrictions like insanely difficult literacy tests, poll taxes and the 'grandfather clause'. South Carolina and Mississippi passed laws known as Black Codes to regulate Black behavior and impose social and economic control. In the 1930s, nearly 40 percent of 663 Black churches surveyed had their organizational roots in the post-emancipation era.18 Many independent Black churches emerged in the rural areas, and most of them had never been affiliated with white churches. Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley. At the federal level, Hiram Revels and Blanche K. Bruce were chosen as U.S. senators from Mississippi. What stayed the same and what changed in each of these three areas following the passage of the Many political leaders and officeholders were ministers. All southern women faced economic devastation, lasting wartime trauma, and enduring racial tensions. To their enslavers, these people constituted their most valuable assets, worth roughly $3 billion.36 Yet this wealth obscured the gains in infrastructure, industrial production, and financial markets that occurred north of the Mason-Dixon Line, a fact that the war would unmask for all to see. Mississippis vagrant law, excerpted here, required all freedmen to carry papers proving they had means of employment. where people ignoring the amendment or was it legal again? Six weeks later, on July 9, 1868, the states ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, guaranteeing birthright citizenship and equal protection of the laws. https://quizlet.com/569182722/the-end-of-reconstruction-flash-cards Much of life in the antebellum South had been premised on slavery. United States - Reconstruction and the New The Court said a law could require "separate" facilities, so long as they were "equal." The lines between refined white womanhood and degraded enslaved Black femaleness were no longer so clearly defined. In 1871 the administration launched a legal and military offensive that destroyed the Klan. Frederick Douglass, We Welcome the Fifteenth Amendment: Addresses Delivered in New York, on 1213 May 1869,, Sallie Adkins to Ulysses S. Grant, May 20, 1869. Letters Received, Source Chronological File, Container #7, 18681870: Presidents Letters, Folder: MayDecember 1869, Record Group 60, General Records of the Department of Justice, National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland. They were terrorists and vigilantes, determined to stop the erosion of the antebellum South, and they were widespread and numerous, operating throughout the South. The Civil War, like all wars, interrupted the rhythms of commercial life by destroying lives and property. For a time, the federal government, its courts, and its troops, sought to put an end to the KKK and related groups. On the eve of war, the American South enjoyed more per capita wealth than any other slave economy in the New World. Other times, as with the beating of Republican sheriff and tax collector Allen Huggins, the Klan targeted white politicians who supported freedpeoples civil rights. Many of these codes defined anyone who wasn't under a labor Three groups made up Southern Republicanism. Omissions? One of the more marked transformations that took place after emancipation was the proliferation of independent Black churches and church associations.

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