nicotine poisoning in babies

0.51.0mg/kg can be a lethal dosage for adult humans, and 0.1mg/kg for children. If their skin shows signs of burns, continue rinsing for 15 minutes. Its primarily known as the ingredient that makes those products addictive. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are handheld devices that produce an aerosol (commonly known as a vapor) for inhalation from a solution that often contains nicotine, flavoring, and solvents. ALWAYS store cigarettes and other nicotine products where children cannot see or reach them. Install battery-operated carbon monoxide detectors in your home, and check or replace batteries when changing the time on clocks each spring and fall. A vaping law's slow rollout left them at risk of nicotine poisoning. [1] Historically, most cases of nicotine poisoning have been the result of use of nicotine as an insecticide. Baby Center explains that babies who are born too early often have immature lungs that cannot handle breathing on their own and may require medical assistance for the first few days or even weeks of the babys life. Childhood exposures often occur due to exploratory behavior. Managing Withdrawal. Policy. Other forms include skin patches, injectables and eye drops. If so, Poison Control will tell you what to look out for. Calls to poison control centers about e-cigarettes are rising, the CDC says. Sweating. The most commonly poisoned children are 6 years old or younger. Flush out their eye(s) with lukewarm (not hot) water, aiming at the inner corner of the eye closest to the nose and letting it run across the eye. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Symptoms depend on the substance ingested, but the most telltale signs of a medication overdose in a child are vomiting, diarrhea and/or drooling. Severe cases warrant an emergency room visit. Because of . Brown Medical School explains that newborns exposed to nicotine exhibit symptoms such as jitteriness and excitability. The main active ingredient in cigarettes and other tobacco products is nicotine. Police reported that the 1-year-old child died after ingesting liquid nicotine at a home in Fort Plain, New York, on Tuesday. A U.S. analysis identified 1768 cases of poisoning in . Alcohol is also found in perfume, mouthwash, cleaning products and hand sanitizers as well as over-the-counter cold medications. What's more, using nicotine during childhood can increase a kid's risk for addiction to other drugs as well. [1][4][14], From September 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014, there were at least 21,106 traditional cigarette calls to US poison control centers. Hydrocarbons can also be absorbed systemically and cause central nervous system or liver toxicity when ingested in large amounts. Dispose of all nicotine products properly. These newborns may also grow to be smaller in stature with a smaller head circumference than other children who werent exposed to nicotine while in the womb. Keep chemical products in their original bottles or containers. Immediately remove any contaminated clothing, being careful to limit your own contact. Nicotine is a poison. [27] They recovered (helped by vomiting), but an ingestion apparently of about 10,000mg was fatal, as was an injection. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). For advice and inter-hospital transfer (including ICU level) ring the Sick Child Hotline (PIPER): 9345 7007. Liquid nicotine can be harmful when swallowed or absorbed through the skin Symptoms include: Nausea Vomiting Increased heart rate Increased blood pressure Seizures Death Just a few drops of liquid nicotine could result in a trip to the ER Lethality depends on the weight of the child and the concentration of liquid nicotine Liquid nicotine is a common form of nicotine poisoning. Because cigarette use is so common among adults, children can often reach cigarettes. For deliberate ingestion. Return them to out-of-reach storage as soon as youre done with them. smokefree.gov. The good news is that most childhood poisonings are accidental, and with proper precautions, are highly preventable. Acute nicotine poisoning usually occurs in young children who accidentally chew on nicotine gum or patches. Even in small quantities, carbon monoxide can cause permanent neurologic damage or death. Brown also notes that these babies are difficult to console and may be stiff or rigid when held. When not working, she can be found hiking, reading or embarrassing her kids with her hip-hop dancing. Nicotine poisoning refers to toxicity related to nicotine products. The effects tend to be more critical in children, whose naturally smaller bodies cant handle large amounts of nicotine exposure. Anyone concerned that a child or adult might be experiencing a nicotine . "[27] Four adults died in the US and Europe, after intentionally ingesting liquid. National Cancer Institute. While you and your child are on the way, Poison Control will call the emergencyroom and give treatment advice. Nicotine addiction occurs when a person becomes addicted to nicotine, which is a chemical found in tobacco. Tobacco workers report vomiting, nausea, headache, dizziness, skin rashes However, the leading causes of nicotine poisoning are smokeless tobacco products (chew and snuff) and liquid nicotine thats used in e-cigarettes. digoxin), blood thinners (e.g. And its not only prescription drugs that we worry about. Many common indoor and outdoor house plants contain toxins and, when ingested, can cause symptoms ranging from throat irritation, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea to blistering skin, difficulty breathing, delirium, convulsions or even death. The child couldn't breathe well enough by herself; a breathing tube was placed and attached to a ventilator. Atlanta, GA; 2013 Mar 25 [cited 2013 Jun 6]. Like children, dogs and cats spend . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nicotine is a natural toxic substance found in tobacco products. Poisoning can occur from the ingestion or inhalation of ubiquitous household substances. [10] diphenhydramine). 9, 10 In high enough doses nicotine can be deadly. She was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit where she remained minimally responsive for the rest of the night. When helping a loved one who may have been affected by nicotine toxicity, the first thing to do is make sure theyre safe. A Vaper's Guide to Avoiding Nicotine Poisoning. [27] They also noted case reports of suicides by nicotine, where adults drank liquid containing up to 1,500mg of nicotine. Many household items are common poisons. [4] Nicotine poisoning or overdose can also result from taking more than the recommended amount of nicotine replacement products (for example, chewing too much gum or dissolving lozenges) or taking too high of a dose of patches, inhalers or nasal sprays. Nicotine poisoning refers to the toxic effects of consuming nicotine, a chemical in all tobacco products. You may experience fatigue, headache, dry mouth, or other symptoms when you stop smoking. Vaping liquid containing nicotine is poisonous, young children are more susceptible to harm from nicotine. The inhalation of hydrocarbons is more common in older children and adolescents and can cause dangerous heart arrhythmias. Late clinical signs in larger exposures (1 to 4 hours). Cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco, and nicotine gum can also be poisonous if ingested. As such, product labels are unreliable and true nicotine concentrations have been shown to vary widely. Nicotine poisoning in children comes mostly from eating cigarettes and consuming liquid nicotine either from absorbing spilled nicotine through their skin or through the mucous membrane in their mouth or from swallowing liquid nicotine. It generally requires treatment at the hospital. The nicotine had also caused the child to produce excess secretions which were making it hard to breathe. Poison Control will then tell you if you can safely watch your child at home. The behavior of a newborn exposed to nicotine is similar to the behavior of a newborn exposed to illicit drugs such as cocaine. These items, including powders, lotions, perfumes and makeup, are used frequently, which makes them easily accessible. While young children are especially susceptible to nicotine poisoning (as above), teenagers and adults are also at risk. Increase your baby's heart rate. Dont use a stove or fireplace that is not vented to the outside. Perfumes, colognes, aftershave, facial cleansers, hair tonics and mouthwash are particularly dangerous for children to ingest, as many of these products contain over 50% ethanol alcohol. Newborns that are born to mothers who smoke have an increased risk of being born prematurely. E-liquid products are not always labelled accurately and there is no guarantee that a product does not contain nicotine. Federal regulators this year stepped up efforts to protect young children from a deadly vaping . This occurs most commonly in young, inexperienced tobacco harvesters who do not consume tobacco. Flavored tobacco, usually smoked through a hookah, is a growing trend. Last medically reviewed on August 7, 2017, If you have allergic reactions to tobacco products or tobacco smoke, you might have a nicotine allergy. . Small ingestions could be deadly. Every year in NSW, more than 3000 children present to hospital as a result of poisoning from products found in and around the home. The next day, the child could breathe on her own. Carbon monoxide from the cigarette smoke blocks the oxygen, slowing both the physical growth of the baby and its brain development. Symptoms typically last an hour or two after a mild overdose and up to 24 hours for severe poisoning. Take measures to ensure you dont use more than one source of nicotine at a time, and keep nicotine and tobacco away from children. And it's not easy to disguise nicotine in food. Symptoms of nicotine poisoning in babies can include: Grey skin color, loose stools Increased heart rate Restlessness (a baby might wriggle and squirm or look as if they are trying to tread water or seem very tired but have difficulty keeping their eyes shut) Vomiting after a feeding Nicotine is a bitter-tasting compound that naturally occurs in large amounts in the leaves of tobacco plants. Some common examples include analgesics (e.g. For poison emergencies or questions call the Minnesota Poison Control System at 1 . Updated January 20, 2016. Nicotine is highly addictive and can affect the developing brain, potentially harming teens and young adults. Liquid refills are sold in quantities of 10 mL to more than 30 mL (about two to six teaspoons) in a variety of nicotine strengths. The initial treatment of nicotine poisoning may include the administration of activated charcoal to try to reduce gastrointestinal absorption. These include nausea and vomiting, excessive salivation, abdominal pain, sweating, hypertension, faster heart rate, tremors, headaches, dizziness, and sometimes seizures. [18] Approximately 0.1% of cases developed life-threatening symptoms. ECG: initially and repeat at 4 hours until normal. Nicotine is highly toxic and rapidly absorbed after either ingestion or inhalation. Ingestion and absorption through the mucous membrane of your mouth (from tobacco chew products or liquid nicotine) or through the intestines (after accidental swallowing of e-cigarette refill products or drinking liquid nicotine). Newborns exposed to nicotine exhibit symptoms as they grow and get older. Using an unclean pipe or sharing a pipe with other smokers is risky. Nicotine poisoning and overdose: How to prevent it. Definition. Written Dr. Seran Kim, board-certified Emergency Physician. However, severely affected patients with prolonged seizures or respiratory failure may have ongoing impairments secondary to the hypoxia. Nicotine poisoning. If your child swallows a piece of a cigarette or butt, cigar, chewing tobacco or any other nicotine products, use the webPOISONCONTROLonline tool for guidance or callPoison Controlright away at 1-800-222-1222. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance which can harm adolescent and young adult brain development 2. Nicotine is a highly addictive drug that is harmful for kids' still-developing brains, and can alter their memory, concentration, mood, learning ability, self-control and attention span. [15], E-cigarette exposure cases in the US National Poison Data System increased greatly between 2010 and 2014, peaking at 3,742 in 2014, fell in 2015 though 2017, and then between 2017 and 2018 e-cigarette exposure cases increased from 2,320 to 2,901. Nicotine poisoning results from too much nicotine. Most of the time, a poisoning encounter is witnessed, and your child may subsequently have a sore throat, difficulty breathing, drowsiness, nausea/vomiting and stomach pain or lip/mouth burns. Symptoms include vomiting, rapid heart rate, unsteadiness and increased salivation. If a person has been severely affected, they may have ongoing seizures or respiratory failure or other problems because of the damage done from low oxygen levels during the nicotine overdose event. Ask your healthcare provider for help. Treatments may include: You can help prevent nicotine poisoning by: If you or your child has been exposed to liquid nicotine, call the Poison Center hotline at 800-222-1222 or call 911. All patients with significant ingestions or who have required initial resuscitation. Nicotine - E-cigarettes contain nicotine which is highly addictive 2; Lung damage 17, 18 - Read about the potential damage to the lungs from vaping; Poison - Nicotine vaping liquid can be poisonous within a few minutes of contact to an . This can cause poisoning in people who then touch these materials. Nicotine poisoning refers to the toxic effects of consuming nicotine. If you think a child has been exposed to nicotine in some way, seek emergency medical care. Certified Specialist in Poison Information, Call Vaping during pregnancy could harm a developing . Unintentional child poisonings through ingestion of conventional and novel tobacco products. 2005). Symptoms vary depending on the product ingested but can include severe burns to the mouth/throat/stomach, bloody stool or vomit, abdominal pain, confusion, loss of consciousness and convulsions. Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 10/25/2021. Death can occur within one hour after severe exposure. A note from Cleveland ClinicNicotine poisoning is on the rise, mostly due to the availability of some of the newer forms of nicotine that are now popular. Always storing nicotine products in their original container. In the United States, an estimated 43.8 million people smoke cigarettes. Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). Organophosphates inhibit an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase, causing a buildup of acetylcholine, excessive stimulation of all types of cholinergic neurons, and a wide range of symptoms. The prognosis depends on how much nicotine was taken and how quickly treatment was started. Note that not all concerning medications have to be in pill or syrup form. However, its still significantly higher than the 460 cases reported in 2012. Immediately take your child outside to fresh air. At lower doses, nicotine causes stimulating effects on the receptors present there but at higher doses or more sustained exposure, the effects are inhibitory and can lead to neuromuscular problems. While its been a relatively rare occurrence historically, nicotine toxicity has become more prevalent in recent years. [15], Calls to US poison control centers related to e-cigarette exposures involved inhalations, eye exposures, skin exposures, and ingestion, in both adults and young children. *note: e-cigarette devices and liquid nicotine solutions remain unregulated in Australia. ALWAYS make sure that discarded nicotine products, such as cigarette butts, chewing tobacco, flavored tobacco, and nicotine gum or patches, are out of sight and reach of children or pets. Dr. Seran Kim is a board-certified Emergency Physician, cancer survivor and mom to three rambunctious boys, and shes one of the doctors who helped develop the Babylist First Aid Kit. Call the poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Nicotine is rapidly absorbed after ingestion and inhalation. Summarized from: Borys DJ, Setzer SC, and Ling LJ. Rapid, heavy breathing (hyperpnea). Call poison control for further instructions. Every day, over 300 children are treated in the Emergency Department, and two children die in the United States, as a result of some form of poisoning. In theory, then, consuming a few e-cigarettes could be fatal. [15] E-cigarette calls had a greater chance to report an adverse effect and a greater chance to report a moderate or major adverse effect than traditional cigarette calls. Nicotine poisoning. Call 911 if your child has difficulty breathing, seizures or loss of consciousness. Admission should be considered for all children with signs or symptoms of a larger exposure and for adolescent patients with an intentional overdose. Symptoms include inconsolable crying/irritability, slowed breathing, elevated heart rate, chest pain, loss of consciousness and seizures. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Shallow breathing, difficulty breathing, respiratory failure. Poison Control is frequently called about children who swallow discarded cigarette butts. Keep alcohol and liquor locked up and out of reach. If you are alone, continue CPR for 2 minutes before calling 911, or have someone else call right away. After three days in the hospital, her symptoms resolved and she was released. The center is open 24/7 to answer questions and offer advice for possible toxicity to a variety of substances. Other symptoms include profuse sweating, abdominal pain, dilated or pinpoint pupils, slurred speech, yellowing of skin or eyes, dizziness or seizures. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the lethal dose of inhaled nicotine is 50 to 60 mg/kg in a 70-kg adult (154 pounds). 4 The webPOISONCONTROLtool or the poison specialist will tell you exactly what to do. ALWAYS make sure that discarded nicotine products, such as cigarette and cigar butts, chewing tobacco, flavored tobacco, nicotine gum or patches, are out of sight and reach of children or pets. The initial symptoms are mainly due to stimulatory effects and include nausea and vomiting, excessive salivation, abdominal pain, pallor, sweating, hypertension, tachycardia, ataxia, tremor, headache, dizziness, muscle fasciculations, and seizures. Increased levels of nicotine or cotinine (nicotine metabolite) can be detected in urine or blood. 7. Treatment for nicotine poisoning depends on the severity and amount of exposure. A poisoning can occur in almost any setting, from any substance and in any form (liquid, solid or gas). Altered brain development can also affect the center of the brain that regulates bodily organs such as the lungs and heart. [25][26], The recent rise in the use of electronic cigarettes, many forms of which are designed to be refilled with nicotine-containing "e-liquid" supplied in small plastic bottles, has renewed interest in nicotine overdoses, especially the possibility of young children ingesting the liquids. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorous, poisonous gas that is emitted from fuel-burning appliances that are not functioning properly or are not well-vented, such as gas ranges/ovens, furnaces, space heaters, clothes dryers, gas water heaters, portable generators, wood-burning fireplaces and stoves, as well as cars. For higher-risk exposures, consider: Patients who are either asymptomatic following exposure or who are recovering from gastrointestinal symptoms only should be monitored for 4 hours prior to discharge. Its also the chemical that makes tobacco products addictive. NEVER store cigarettes and other nicotine products where children can see or reach them. Nicotine dependence causes an addiction to tobacco products. Nicotine present in breast milk can lead to behavioral changes in a baby like crying more than usual. Be sure to keep any packaging handy, including the list of ingredients or prescription bottle. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated in 2013: "There are no significant safety concerns associated with using more than one [over the counter] OTC [nicotine replacement therapy] NRT at the same time, or using an OTC NRT at the same time as another nicotine-containing productincluding a cigarette. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd., all rights reserved. Also, some artificial nail glue removers contain a chemical that is similar to cyanide and causes seizures, loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest. Theres been one case report where two brothers smoked 17 and 18 pipes of tobacco in a row and were fatally poisoned. The discrepancy between the historically stated 60-mg dose and published cases of nicotine intoxication has been noted previously (Matsushima et al. Report: Children at high risk of nicotine poisoning, injuries working on tobacco farms. Cosmetics and personal care products are the most common substances implicated in pediatric poisonings. Dr. Sears goes on to explain that nicotines effect on the brain is thought to increase the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS. 135,136 As a result of these accidental nicotine ingestions in children, the Child Nicotine Poisoning Prevention Act was passed in 2016, resulting in a significant decline in accidental liquid nicotine exposures in the United States. The exposure provoked symptoms in 62 of these children, about two-thirds of whom were under the age of 4 years. Its unlikely; however, its not impossible. Poisoning occurs through initial stimulation and ultimate blockade of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Nicotine. Reported exposure to this solution in 10 children resulted in hospital evaluation in 7 and mild nicotine poisoning . Nicotine is found in cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, chewing tobacco, snuff, pipe tobacco, tobacco plants, some insecticides (no longer in the U.S.), and in nicotine replacement products (nicotine gum, patches, lozenges, inhalers and nasal spray). Vomiting is the most common symptom of nicotine poisoning. Keeping all tobacco products, especially products containing liquid nicotine, out of reach and out of sight of children and pets. [14] At least at "normal" levels, as nicotine in the human body is broken down, it has an approximate biological half-life of 12hours. Nicotine poisoning can potentially be deadly, though serious or fatal overdoses are rare. In addition, sometimes teenagers can misuse nicotine products, including these gummies. Nicotine poisoning should be treated like any other type of poisoning. Young children may be tempted to swallow these common objects, especially round, coin-sized button batteries, which are particularly dangerous. Hold the eye open with your fingers. Tobacco Companies Fail to Warn Zimbabwe's Farmers of Nicotine Poisoning's Dangers . If your pet gets . Most cases of nicotine poisoning among children result from their ingestion of cigarettes or cigars (2). Nicotine poisoning results from too much nicotine. Even over-the-counter medications, dietary supplements, homeopathics (e.g. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Protect your skin, especially when using liquid nicotine. Children who grow up with parents who smoke are more likely to become smokers. Small children may be attracted to the pleasant smell of these products, assuming that they must taste good too. Infants and children are naturally curious, touching and tasting just about everything including tobacco products. With an estimated median lethal dose between 1 and 13 mg. Nicotine poisoning describes the symptoms of the toxic effects of nicotine following ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. Seizures can begin in as little as 20 - 30 minutes. If your child needs emergency treatment, the poison specialist will let you know right away. Recognition, use, and perceptions of JUUL among youth and young adults. Clinical description After oral ingestion of nicotine, signs and symptoms of nicotine poisoning mimic those for nerve agent or organophosphate poisoning and typically include excess oral secretions, bronchorrhea, diaphoresis, vomiting (common, especially among children), diarrhea, abdominal cramping, confusion, and convulsions. Nicotine poisoning usually occurs in young children who accidentally chew on nicotine gum or patches used to quit smoking or swallow e-cigarette liquid. Nonetheless, this value is still widely accepted over the 500mg figure as the basis for safety regulations of tobacco and other nicotine-containing products (such as the EU wide TPD, set at a maximum of 20mg/ml. Study finds stronger nicotine dependency associated with higher risk of lung cancer. If the substance is still in your childs mouth, remove it with your fingers, or if the child is older, try to make your child spit it out voluntarily. Nicotine is a bitter-tasting compound that naturally occurs in large amounts in the leaves of tobacco plants. The products come in flavors with attractive scents and inviting packaging. The full effects of vaping and vaping while pregnant are still being investigated but the following are a list of the current known side effects:. Brown also notes that these babies are difficult to console and may be stiff or rigid when held. If youve had severe exposure, symptoms can last up to 18 to 24 hours after exposure. Nicotine is the chemical in tobacco that makes it hard to quit. It is sometimes reported that people poisoned by organophosphate insecticides experience the same symptoms as nicotine poisoning. Nicotine 2 mg administered intranasally as a 2% aqueous thickened solution was better absorbed than the same dose given as a chewing gum (Russell, 1983) 9.2 Chronic poisoning 9.2.1 Ingestion Chronic poisoning by nicotine is possible by chewing tobacco or nicotine gums. You should call your doctor right away if you think youre experiencing symptoms of nicotine poisoning. As little as 1 milligram (mg) of nicotine, a very small amount, can cause symptoms in an infant. Nicotine acts in the brain. Poisoning Acute guidelines for initial management, For advice contact the Victorian Poisons Information Centre on 13 11 26(24 hours a day, seven days a week). Keep all bottles as well as any e-cigs themselves far out of reach of children. The tobacco industry constantly introduces new products meant to attract new, often younger, customers. Early symptoms include dull headache, weakness, dizziness, nausea or vomiting, shortness of breath, confusion, blurry vision and loss of consciousness. Do not put ointment, eye drops or an eye patch on the eye unless instructed to do so. fentanyl) and antihistamines (e.g. Vomiting occurs in more than 50% of people with symptoms. The highest levels of poisoning can result in neuromuscular blockade, respiratory failure, and death. 7. Method of exposure ingestion of filtered cigarette or butt, liquid nicotine, gum/lozenge, patch or exposure by inhalation. Poisoning from other illicit substances, such as cocaine, methamphetamine, ecstasy, synthetic cannabinoids (known as synthetic marijuana, K2 or spice) or synthetic cathinones (found in bath salts) can also cause irreparable harm when ingested. 1995; Metzler et al. Children and pets are at high risk of harm due to poisoning caused by swallowing an e-liquid. When you think of nicotine poisoning, you might think of toxicity from inhaling smoke and vapors. How to prevent poisoning in babies and children, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Poisoning. [18] The majority of cases (65%) were in children under age five and 15% were in ages 524. Centre 13 11 26 for advice. [27] They commented that "Serious nicotine poisoning seems normally prevented by the fact that relatively low doses of nicotine cause nausea and vomiting, which stops users from further intake. Tracing back the generally accepted lethal dose to dubious self-experiments in the nineteenth century. The nicotine (the addictive substance in cigarettes), carbon monoxide, lead, arsenic, and numerous other poisons you inhale from a cigarette are carried through your bloodstream and go directly to your baby. Smokers Double Their Quit Rate By Wearing Nicotine Patch Before Stopping. National Institutes of Health. How much nicotine kills a human? However, using more than one type of nicotine-containing product at the same time can increase your risk. How Do I Know The Difference Between Nicotine Poisoning And Allergies? (n.d.). All are technically capable of causing poisoning if taken in large enough quantities. 9.2.2 Inhalation Smoking causes coronary and peripheral vascular disease . At higher doses, a second phase involving bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory failure and coma may supervene 1 to 4 hours after exposure. She cannot live without GooGone and her power drill. Acetaminophen is a pain-relieving (analgesic) and fever-treating (antipyretic) medication that can be obtained over-the-counter. You may need assistance if youre holding your child under the sink. Liquid nicotine and smokeless tobacco products are the leading causes of nicotine poisoning. This fact sheet is available to print in the following languages: Poisoning is one of the most common childhood injuries. The fact is, nicotine poisoning is not a reliable weapon.

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