mansa musa descendants

In 1481, Fula raids against Mali's Tekrur provinces began. Arab writers from the time said that he travelled with an entourage of tens of thousands of people and dozens of camels, each carrying 136 kilograms (300 pounds) of gold. Every year merchants entered Mali via Oualata with camel loads of salt to sell in Niani. [86] After Sakura's death, power returned to the line of Sunjata, with Wali's son Qu taking the throne. The oldest brother, Srbandjougou Keita, was crowned Mansa Foamed or Mansa Musa Keita III. He was the first African ruler to be widely known throughout Europe and the Middle East. Answer (1 of 3): The same thing that happened to anybody else's wealth in history: it was spent, looted, donated, or otherwise distributed. Today, his net worth is estimated to have been $400 billion. [75] When the campaigning was done, his empire extended 1,000 miles (1,600km) east to west with those borders being the bends of the Senegal and Niger rivers respectively. [73], Prince Sundjata was prophesied to become a great conqueror. The Twelve Doors of Mali were a coalition of conquered or allied territories, mostly within Manden, with sworn allegiance to Sundiata and his descendants. [63] Both of these accounts may be true, as Mali's control of Gao may have been weak, requiring powerful mansas to reassert their authority periodically.[64]. Much of the history is oral, given by professional "historians". Mansa Musa Keita's crowning achievement was his famous pilgrimage to Mecca, which started in 1324 and concluded with his return in 1326. Combined in the rapidly spoken language of the Mandinka, the names formed Sondjata, Sundjata or Sundiata Keita. . It is known from the Tarikh al-Sudan that Mali was still a sizeable state in the 15th century. Mansa Musa (died 1337), king of the Mali empire in West Africa, is known mostly for his fabulous pilgrimage to Mecca and for his promotion of unity and prosperity within Mali. [86] Qu was succeeded by his son Muhammad, who launched two voyages to explore the Atlantic Ocean. Mali is the Fula form of the word. Musa conquered more than 20 major cities in his lifetime. Mama Maghan, mansa of Kangaba, campaigned against the Bamana in 1667 and laid siege to SegouKoro for a reported three years. The date of Mahmud's death and identity of his immediate successor are not recorded, and there is a gap of 65 years before another mansa's identity is recorded. The empire taxed every ounce of gold, copper and salt that entered its borders. In the early 15th century, Mali was still powerful enough to conquer and settle new areas. Yet native sources seem to pay him little attention. After the victory, King Soumaoro disappeared, and the Mandinka stormed the last of the Sosso cities. jeli), also known as griots, includes relatively little information about Musa compared to some other parts of the history of Mali. According to Burkinab writer Joseph Ki-Zerbo, the farther a person travelled from Niani, the more decentralised the mansa's power became. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Mansa Musa even built the Great Mosque of Djenn, one of the most famous mosques in Mali, to recognize his pilgrimage. Musa not only gave to the cities he passed on the way to Mecca, including Cairo and Medina, but also traded gold for souvenirs. It may have been located close to modern Kangaba. Kankan Musa, better known as Mansa Musa probably took power in approximately 1312, although an earlier date is possible. This can be interpreted as either "Musa son of Abu Bakr" or "Musa descendant of Abu Bakr." Mansa Musa Family Tree | Family tree, Tree, Kankan - Pinterest Mansa Mari Djata, later named Sundiata Keita, saw the conquest of several key locals in the Mali Empire. The Songhai Empire had fallen to the Saadi Sultanate of Morocco eight years earlier, and Mahmud sought to take advantage of their defeat by trying to capture Jenne. The voyage is often incorrectly attributed to a Mansa Abu Bakr II, but no such mansa ever reigned. In Ibn Khaldun's account, Sundjata is recorded as Mari Djata with "Mari" meaning "Amir" or "Prince". Robert Smith, "The Canoe in West African History", harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBourgeois1987 (, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Kitab al-Masalik wa al-Mamalik (Book of Highways and Kingdoms) Ab Ubayd Al-Bakri, "The Empire of Mali, In Our Time BBC Radio 4", "Tracing History in Dia, in the Inland Niger Delta of Mali -Archaeology, Oral Traditions and Written Sources". (2020, October 17). Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. The video and its description text are provided by Youtube. Mansa Musa came from his country with 80 loads of gold dust (tibr), each load weighing three qintars. With trade being disrupted by wars, there was no way for the economy to continue to prosper. Why did Ms I make a pilgrimage to Mecca? [36][37][38], According to the Tarikh al-Fattash, Musa had a wife named Inari Konte. The conquest of Sosso in c. 1235 gave the Mali Empire access to the trans-Saharan trade routes. Is Mansa Musa the richest man who ever lived? - BBC News The growing trade in Mali's western provinces with Portugal witnessed the exchange of envoys between the two nations. [102] It seems quite possible that an exodus of the inhabitants took place at this juncture and the importance of the city was not revived until the rise of the Songhai empire. During most of his journey, Ibn Battuta travelled with a retinue that included servants, most of whom carried goods for trade. Three bowmen supporting one spearman was the ratio in Kaabu and the Gambia by the mid-16th century. Timbuktu was a place of trade, entertainment, and education. Bukar professed his support, but believing Mahmud's situation to be hopeless, secretly went over to the Moroccans. His 25-year reign (1312-1337 CE) is described as "the golden age of . It then seized Timbuktu from the Tuareg in 1468 under Sunni Ali Ber. To Westerners, he seems to have been the greatest of Mali rulers, as visible in games like Civilization. . All gold was immediately handed over to the imperial treasury in return for an equal value of gold dust. Mansa Musa (1280-1337) Mansa Musa, fourteenth century emperor of the Mali Empire, is the medieval African ruler most known to the world outside Africa. It was reported that he built a mosque every Friday. He also made Eid celebrations at the end of Ramadan a national ceremony. Al-Umari, who wrote down a description of Mali based on information given to him by Abu Said 'Otman ed Dukkali (who had lived 35 years in the capital), reported the realm as being square and an eight-month journey from its coast at Tura (at the mouth of the Senegal River) to Muli. He had first-hand information from several sources, and from a second-hand source, he learned of the visit of Mansa Musa. Masuta the Descended is a miniboss in The Shadow Reef. [40] Ibn Battuta and Leo Africanus both call the capital "Mali. [60] Other scholars whom Musa brought to Mali included Maliki jurists. Islamic studies flourished thereafter. A dknsi performed the same function except with slave troops called sofa ("guardian of the horse") and under the command of a farimba ("great brave man"). These oral stories . A kl-koun led free troops into battle alongside a farima ("brave man") during campaign. . In his lifetime and beyond, he was known for his extravagant wealth and spending, funded by his kingdom's vast salt and gold mines. [92] He was one of the first truly devout Muslims to lead the Mali Empire. [147][148], The Sudano-Sahelian influence was particularly widely incorporated during the rule of Mansa Musa I, who constructed many architectural projects, including the Great Mosque of Gao and Royal Palace in Timbuktu, which was built with the assistance of Ishaak al-Tuedjin, an architect brought by Musa from his pilgrimage to Mecca. By the time they reached Suez, many of the Malian pilgrims had died of cold, starvation, or bandit raids, and they had lost many of their supplies. Gold dust was used all over the empire, but was not valued equally in all regions. [70] Manden was split in half with the Dodougou territory to the northeast and the Kri territory to the southwest. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Heusch, Luc de: "The Symbolic Mechanisms of Sacred Kingship: Rediscovering Frazer". Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. The people of the south needed salt for their diet, but it was extremely rare. Mali's wealth in gold did not primarily come from direct rule of gold-producing regions, but rather from tribute and trade with the regions where gold was found. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The city's water supply was a leading cause to its successes in trade. Mansa Musa, also known as Musa Keita I of Mali, was the tenth Sultan of the Mali Empire. [98] Musa's hajj, and especially his gold, caught the attention of both the Islamic and Christian worlds. In addition, Mansa Ms had a baggage train of 80 camels, each carrying 300 pounds of gold. [111] This envoy from the Portuguese coastal port of Elmina arrived in response to the growing trade along the coast and Mali's now urgent request for military assistance against Songhai. This is one of the main factors to the fall of the kingdom. Lange, Dierk (1996), "The Almoravid expansion and the downfall of Ghana", Der Islam 73 (2): 313351. The date of Mansa Musa's death is not certain. The Songhai kingdom measured several hundreds of miles across, so that the conquest meant the acquisition of a vast territory. 1312 is the most widely accepted by modern historians. Mansa Ms probably died in 1332. so the name Kanku Musa means "Musa, son of Kanku", although it is unclear if the genealogy implied is literal. The mansa could also replace a farba if he got out of control, as in the case of Diafunu. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. Trade was Mali's form of income, and wealth. It was cut into pieces and spent on goods with close to equal buying power throughout the empire. [93] Gold mines in Boure, which is located in present-day Guinea, were discovered sometime near the end of the 12th century. The Mali Empire covered a larger area for a longer period of time than any other West African state before or since. [d], Musa's father was named Faga Leye[12] and his mother may have been named Kanku. The Mali Empire (Manding: Mand or Manden; Arabic: , romanized: Ml) was an empire in West Africa from c. 1226 to 1670. Eventually, due to Muhammad's failure to return, Musa was recognized as mansa.[89]. Musa stayed in Cairo for three months, departing on 18 October[k] with the official caravan to Mecca. Mansa Musa Biography - Facts, Childhood, Family Life & Achievements Konkodougou Kamissa Keita, named for the province he once governed,[70] was crowned as Mansa Mari Djata Keita II in 1360. From the Mamma Haidara Commemorative Library, Timbuktu. While in Cairo, Mansa Musa met with the Sultan of Egypt, and his caravan spent and gave away so much gold that the overall value of gold decreased in Egypt for the next 12 years. Maghan Sundiata was declared "faama of faamas" and received the title "mansa", which translates as "king". Musa gave the gold to the poor he met along his route. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. . to 1337 C.E. ), mansa (emperor) of the West African empire of Mali from 1307 (or 1312). [45] He would have spent much time fostering the growth of the religion within his empire. Mansa Musa (1280-1337) - BlackPast.org Available from http://incompetech.com. [32] When he did not return, Musa was crowned as mansa himself, marking a transfer of the line of succession from the descendants of Sunjata to the descendants of his brother Abu Bakr. [125] Farin was a general term for northern commander at the time. [137], Copper was also a valued commodity in imperial Mali. He was an extremely successful military leader The Story Of Mansa Musa, The Real 'Black Panther' - VIBE.com Mansa Mahmud Keita II came to the throne in 1481 during Mali's downward spiral. [75] It is possible that it was actually Musa's son Maghan who congratulated Abu al-Hasan, or Maghan who received Abu al-Hasan's envoy after Musa's death. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Around 1610, Mahmud Keita IV died. [28] The Tarikh al-fattash claims that Musa accidentally killed Kanku at some point prior to his hajj. [70] However, once Sundiata did gain use of his legs he grew strong and very respected. Wali was succeeded by his brother Wati, about whom nothing is known,[82][83] and then his brother Khalifa. 6. During this period, trade routes shifted southward to the savanna, stimulating the growth of states such as Bono state. [126], The Kouroukan Fouga also put in place social and economic reforms including prohibitions on the maltreatment of prisoners and slaves, installing documents between clans which clearly stated who could say what about whom. [40], Various sources cite several other cities as capitals of the Mali Empire, some in competition with the Niani hypothesis and others addressing different time periods. Intro animation: Syawish Rehman. Musa expanded the borders of the Mali Empire, in particular incorporating the cities of Gao and Timbuktu into its territory. After the publication of this atlas, Mansa Musa became cemented in the global imagination as a figure of stupendous wealth.After his return from Mecca, Mansa Musa began to revitalize cities in his kingdom. His reign is associated with numerous construction projects, including part of Djinguereber Mosque in Timbuktu. This trend would continue into colonial times against Tukulor enemies from the west.[121]. You cannot download interactives. [26] Sariq Jata may be another name for Sunjata, who was actually Musa's great-uncle. Mali Emperors Family Tree | Mansa Musa - The Richest Man in World One of the greatest caravans to ever cross the Sahara was led by Mansa Musa, the legendary ruler of the vast West African empire of Mali. Despite the faama of Niani's wishes to respect the prophecy and put Sundiata on the throne, the son from his first wife Sassouma Brt was crowned instead. Ibn Battuta, who visited the capital city from 1352 to 1353, called it Mali. [42] Among these preparations would likely have been raids to capture and enslave people from neighboring lands, as Musa's entourage would include many thousands of enslaved people; the historian Michael Gomez estimates that Mali may have captured over 6,000 people per year for this purpose. [16] However, al-Umari gives Mali as the name of the capital province and Ibn Khaldun refers to Mali as a people, with each giving different names for the capital city itself. Ibn Battuta mentions that the value of salt increased fourfold when transported between Oualata and the Malian capital. [10], Mali, Mand, Manden, and Manding are all various pronunciations of the same word across different languages and dialects. [86] Fajigi is remembered as having traveled to Mecca to retrieve ceremonial objects known as boliw, which feature in Mand traditional religion. Manuscript of Nasir al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn al-Hajj al-Amin al-Tawathi al-Ghalawi's Kashf al-Ghummah fi Nafa al-Ummah. [40], Musa was a young man when he became mansa, possibly in his early twenties. By the 6th century AD, the lucrative trans-Saharan trade in gold, salt and slaves had begun, facilitating the rise of West Africa's great empires. [122] This campaign gutted Manden and destroyed any hope of the three mansas cooperating to free their land. The ancient kingdom of Mali spread across parts of modern-day Mali, Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Mauritania, and Burkina Faso. Mali's domain also extended into the desert. [132], The Mali Empire flourished because of its trade above all else. [79] Some oral traditions agree with Ibn Khaldun in indicating that a son of Sunjata, named Yerelinkon in oral tradition and Wali in Arabic, took power as Sunjata's successor. [93] Mansa Souleyman's generals successfully fought off the military incursions, and the senior wife Kassi behind the plot was imprisoned. He made a pilgrimage to Mecca during the reign of Mamluk Sultan An-Nasir Muhammad (r. 12981308), but died on his voyage home. He encouraged his subjects immersion in scholarship, the arts, and the Qurn. Musa I of Mali | Biography, Wealth, Slaves, Pilgrimage, & Facts The other account claims that Gao had been conquered during the reign of Mansa Sakura. [85] He went on the hajj during the reign of Mamluk sultan an-Nasir Muhammad (12981308) and was killed in Tajura on his way back to Mali. Mansa Musa (Musa I of Mali) was the king of the ancient empire of Mali in West Africa. Editing: Jack Rackam. [45], Many oral histories point to a town called Dakajalan as the original home of the Keita clan and Sundiata's childhood home and base of operations during the war against the Soso. 05 Mar 2023. Kankoro-sigui Mari Djata, who had no relation to the Keita clan, essentially ran the empire in Musa Keita II's stead. When Mansa Musa was giving gold away, he was following 2 . His name was Mansa Musa, and he was a devout Muslim. [60] The anglicised version of this name, Sunjata, is also popular. Mansa Ms left a realm notable for its extent and richeshe built the Great Mosque at Timbuktubut he is best remembered in the Middle East and Europe for the splendour of his pilgrimage to Mecca (1324). Musa embarked on a large building program, raising mosques and madrasas in Timbuktu and Gao. [11][12] The version recorded by medieval Arab geographers is Mali (Arabic: , romanized:Ml). [27] The date of Musa's birth is unknown, but he still appeared to be a young man in 1324. Forty years after the reign of Mansa Musa Keita I, the Mali Empire still controlled some 1,100,000 square kilometres (420,000sqmi) of land throughout Western Africa.[103][9]. Mali borrowed the practice to stem inflation of the substance, since it was so prominent in the region. Via one of the royal ladies of his court, Musa transformed Sankore from an informal madrasah into an Islamic university. While Musa's palace has since vanished, the university and mosque still stand in Timbuktu today. His equipment furnishings were carried by 12.000 private slave women (Wasaif) wearing gown and brocade (dibaj) and Yemeni silk []. The exact date of Musa's accession is debated. Its first meeting, at the famous Kouroukan Fouga (Division of the World), had 29 clan delegates presided over by a belen-tigui (master of ceremony). He had so much gold that during his hajj to Mecca, the Mansa passed out gold to all the poor along the way. Accounts of how many people and how much gold he spent vary. However, his riches are only one part of his legacy, and he is also remembered for his Islamic faith, promotion of scholarship, and patronage of culture in Mali.

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